Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

1.1K
Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
1.1K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

318
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
318
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

2.1K
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
2.1K
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

292
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
292
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

633
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
633
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

100
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
100

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CD11c<sup>+</sup> T-Bet<sup>+</sup> B Cell Expansion Reveals a Distinct Pathogenic Signature in Autoimmune Liver Diseases.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same author

Ileal Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitors for Symptomatic Cholestasis due to Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome in Adults.

ACG case reports journal·2026
Same author

Poliprotect in the PPI Deprescription Phase of Endoscopy-Negative Heartburn and Epigastric Pain Syndrome Patients: An RCT Post Hoc Analysis.

Neurogastroenterology and motility·2026
Same author

Spatial proteomics and cell-cell cross-talk analysis reveal PD-L1 and IL-6 interaction in human primary sclerosing cholangitis.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026
Same author

Integrating Advanced Endoscopic Techniques and Confocal Microscopy for Early Detection of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Prevention of Portal Hypertension Complications Beyond Primary TIPS Indication Is Independent of Endoprosthesis Under-Dilation.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
06:55

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine

Published on: August 21, 2017

9.8K

[FXR modulators and cholestatic diseases.]

Domenico Alvaro1, Maria Consiglia Bragazzi1, Rosanna Venere1

  • 1Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e di Precisione, Sapienza Università di Roma.

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|February 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation regulates bile acid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. FXR agonists show promise for treating cholestatic liver diseases like primary biliary cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma.

More Related Videos

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

53.7K
A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes
10:56

A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes

Published on: September 15, 2018

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
06:55

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine

Published on: August 21, 2017

9.8K
Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

53.7K
A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes
10:56

A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes

Published on: September 15, 2018

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Nuclear Receptors
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The Farnesoid X nuclear receptor (FXR) is a bile acid-activated nuclear receptor.
  • FXR plays a critical role in regulating bile acid homeostasis, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism.
  • FXR activation also exhibits anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of FXR in liver pathologies.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of FXR agonists in cholestatic liver diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of FXR research over the past decade.
  • Analysis of studies investigating FXR agonists in preclinical and clinical settings.

Main Results:

  • FXR activation suppresses bile acid synthesis and promotes excretion.
  • FXR influences over 250 genes involved in metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis.
  • Synthesized FXR agonists have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in cholestatic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • FXR is a key regulator of liver function and disease.
  • FXR agonists represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cholestatic liver diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cholangiocarcinoma.