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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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OncoTree: A Cancer Classification System for Precision Oncology.

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OncoTree is a new, open-source cancer classification system designed for modern oncology research. This dynamic platform supports clinical decision-making and genomic data sharing for both common and rare cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Existing cancer classification systems like ICD-O, SNOMED-CT, and NCIt lack dynamic modernization for genomic data.
  • There is a need for a flexible platform to classify cancers, especially with evolving genomic sequencing results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and introduce OncoTree, an open-source, dynamic cancer classification system.
  • To address the limitations of current terminologies in handling modern oncology data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed OncoTree as an open-source system with a web interface and API.
  • Maintained by a cross-institutional committee of experts.

Main Results:

  • OncoTree includes 868 tumor types across 32 organ sites.
  • Adopted by AACR Project GENIE, Memorial Sloan Kettering, and Dana-Farber for clinical molecular testing.
  • Integrated into precision oncology tools like OncoKB and cBioPortal.

Conclusions:

  • OncoTree provides a dynamic, flexible, and community-driven cancer classification.
  • It offers clinically relevant granularity for decision support and research.
  • Encompasses rare and common cancers for broad applicability.