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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Published on: August 25, 2014

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Youth perinatal HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: association with functional impairment

Nicole Phillips1, Kevin G F Thomas2, Bulelwa Mtukushe1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa.

AIDS Care
|February 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Cognitive impairment in youth with HIV is linked to functional deficits. Early screening for academic difficulties like repeating grades may identify at-risk youth needing further assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • HIV infection can lead to functional impairments.
  • Cognitive impairment is a potential consequence of HIV-associated neurological damage.
  • Understanding the link between cognitive and functional status in youth with HIV is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cognitive impairment and functional impairment in youth living with HIV.
  • To determine if cognitive impairment increases the risk of functional impairment in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 203 HIV-infected youth and 44 HIV-uninfected controls was studied.
  • Parent-reported functional impairment was assessed using measures like CBCL and VABS2.
  • A cognitive battery was administered to assess cognitive impairment, and school data (repeated grades) were collected.

Main Results:

  • A strong correlation was found between the degree of cognitive impairment and decreased function across multiple measures (CBCL, VABS2, repeated grades).
  • Cognitive impairment was associated with a significantly increased risk of functional impairment (odds ratios ranging from 1.71 to 3.47).
  • Repeating a grade was strongly associated with both cognitive impairment and functional impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive impairment is significantly associated with functional impairment in youth with HIV.
  • The presence of cognitive impairment elevates the risk for functional impairment in this cohort.
  • Screening for academic difficulties, such as repeating a grade, may serve as an effective initial step in identifying youth with HIV who require further functional assessment.

Keywords:
Child Behavior ChecklistConfirmatory Factor analysisHuman immunodeficiency virusVinelands Adaptive Behavior Scale – 2nd editionyouth living with HIV

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