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Zoonotic Sarcocystis.

Benjamin M Rosenthal1

  • 1Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service, 10300, Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States of America.

Research in Veterinary Science
|February 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcocystis parasites infect humans through contaminated meat or accidental ingestion, causing intestinal or extraintestinal disease. While often asymptomatic, infections can lead to severe eosinophilic myositis, particularly in Southeast Asia but with global distribution.

Keywords:
EnteritisFood-borne illnessMyositisSarcocystisSarcocystosisZoonoses

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis form tissue cysts in intermediate hosts.
  • Over 200 Sarcocystis species exist, with few posing significant threats to human health via livestock.
  • Human infections include intestinal sarcocystosis from consuming contaminated meat and extraintestinal sarcocystosis from accidental sporocyst ingestion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human Sarcocystis infections.
  • To highlight the potential for underrecognition of Sarcocystis infections globally.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Sarcocystis infections in humans and animals.
  • Analysis of clinical case descriptions and epidemiological data.

Main Results:

  • Intestinal sarcocystosis (S. hominis, S. heydorni, S. suihominis) typically causes mild or asymptomatic enteritis.
  • Extraintestinal sarcocystosis can range from asymptomatic muscle cysts to severe eosinophilic myositis.
  • Most described human cases originate from Southeast Asia, but Sarcocystis has a worldwide distribution.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcocystis infections represent a potential zoonotic risk, particularly in areas with livestock farming.
  • Human infections may be underdiagnosed globally, necessitating increased awareness and diagnostic efforts.