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CircRNAs: a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neoplasms

Jie Li1,2, Qiang Xu3, Zi-Jian Huang1,2

  • 1Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.

Cell Death & Disease
|February 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable RNA molecules crucial in tumor development. This review explores their structure, function, and role in digestive tract cancers for improved diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs with a stable, conserved structure, lacking 5' caps and 3' poly(A) tails.
  • They are expressed specifically in tissues and developmental stages, differing from linear RNAs.
  • CircRNAs are implicated in the development and progression of various malignant tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and function of circRNAs.
  • To elucidate the biological role of circRNAs in digestive tract malignancies.
  • To provide insights for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neoplasms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circRNA structure, function, and cancer biology.
  • Classification of circRNAs based on their biogenesis (ecRNAs, ciRNAs, EIciRNAs, intergenic circRNAs).
  • Analysis of circRNA involvement in gene expression regulation and tumor progression.

Main Results:

  • CircRNAs exhibit unique structural properties contributing to their stability and specific expression patterns.
  • Four main types of circRNAs exist, originating from exons, introns, or intergenic regions.
  • CircRNAs play significant roles in regulating gene expression and are involved in the pathogenesis of digestive system cancers.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNAs are critical regulators with diverse functions, particularly in oncogenesis.
  • Understanding circRNA biology offers potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in digestive cancers.
  • Further research into circRNAs can advance the management of digestive system neoplasms.

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