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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

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Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
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The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

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The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
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Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

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Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...
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Muscles of the Thorax01:25

Muscles of the Thorax

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The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
The diaphragm is at the core of thoracic musculature, the primary muscle involved in breathing. This expansive, dome-shaped muscle marks the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It...
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Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
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Thoracic shape changes in newborns due to their position.

Serena de Gelidi1, Andy Bardill2, Nima Seifnaraghi2

  • 1Faculty of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK. s.degelidi@mdx.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|February 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new device non-invasively measures neonatal chest wall morphology. This technology reveals significant differences in chest cross-sections based on infant positioning, aiding respiratory disease monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Respiratory physiology

Background:

  • The neonatal chest wall's high compliance is recognized.
  • Morphological changes in neonatal chests are not well-characterized.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for monitoring respiratory diseases in newborns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize neonatal chest wall morphology using a novel, non-invasive device.
  • To assess the impact of body position on neonatal chest cross-sections.
  • To compare chest morphology between premature neonates and children.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of a radiation-free, smart measurement tape device for tracing neonatal chest boundaries.
  • Digital cross-section generation of the neonatal chest.
  • Comparison of chest cross-sections in supine versus lateral positions.
  • Comparative analysis between a premature neonate and a child.

Main Results:

  • The device successfully traces neonatal chest boundaries without radiation.
  • Significant differences in chest cross-sections were observed between supine and lateral positions in neonates.
  • An initial comparison between a premature neonate and a child was successfully performed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed device offers a safe and effective method for characterizing neonatal chest wall morphology.
  • Infant positioning significantly influences neonatal chest cross-sectional shape.
  • This technology has potential applications in customized respiratory disease monitoring and understanding developmental changes.