Systemic Sclerosis: Current State and Survival After Lung Transplantation

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the involvement of skin and internal organs. With the introduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is no longer considered a leading cause of death in affected patients. In fact, pulmonary manifestations [interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)] are currently the major cause of death in patients with SSc. Historically, many centers have been reluctant to offer lung transplantation to patients with SSc due to multiple extrapulmonary manifestations and the assumption of poor post-transplant survival. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advances in the evaluation and management of patients with pulmonary manifestations of SSc. We also engage in a systematic literature review to assess all the available data on the survival of patients with SSc after lung transplantation.