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Olfactory cleft mucus inflammatory proteins in CRS: a case-control study.

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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is linked to olfactory dysfunction (OD) due to elevated inflammatory proteins in the olfactory cleft (OC). Interleukin 5 (IL5) and Interleukin 13 (IL13) are key mediators, particularly in CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction (OD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has multiple potential causes.
  • Understanding inflammatory cytokine profiles in the olfactory cleft (OC) is crucial for managing CRS-related OD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between inflammatory protein concentrations in OC mucus and olfactory function in CRS patients.
  • To compare inflammatory profiles between CRS phenotypes and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, case-control study involving 151 CRS patients and 74 controls.
  • Analysis of inflammatory proteins in OC mucus, psychophysical olfactory testing, and CT scans.
  • Odds ratios (ORs) used to compare altered protein expression between CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

Main Results:

  • CRS patients exhibited significantly higher concentrations of 23 out of 26 tested inflammatory proteins compared to controls.
  • Elevated levels of IL5 and IL13 were strongly associated with olfactory deficits and anosmia in CRS patients.
  • IL5 and IL13 showed the highest odds of elevated expression in CRSwNP, but were also elevated in a notable proportion of CRSsNP patients.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammatory protein profiles in the OC differ based on CRS phenotype and correlate with OD.
  • Type 2 inflammatory mediators, particularly IL5 and IL13, are implicated in CRS, especially CRSwNP.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the role of OC inflammatory proteins in CRS endotypes and OD.