Alternative splicing: An important regulatory mechanism in colorectal carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Oncology

Background:

• Alternative splicing (AS) generates diverse mRNA and protein isoforms, crucial for cellular functions and organismal complexity.
• AS dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, including cancer.
• Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) development and progression are influenced by aberrant AS events.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental concepts, regulatory mechanisms, and technological advancements in alternative splicing.
• To comprehensively examine the role of alternative splicing in colorectal cancer initiation, progression, and treatment response.
• To highlight the potential of AS as a source for novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CRC.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of alternative splicing.
• Analysis of AS regulatory pathways.
• Examination of AS involvement in colorectal cancer pathogenesis.
• Review of current and emerging AS-targeted therapies for CRC.

Main Results:

• Alternative splicing significantly expands the proteome, impacting gene expression and cellular functions.
• Aberrant alternative splicing patterns are hallmarks of colorectal cancer, contributing to tumorigenesis.
• AS plays critical roles in CRC progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy.
• Specific AS isoforms may serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment response and patient prognosis.

Conclusions:

• Alternative splicing is a key driver in colorectal cancer development and progression.
• Targeting alternative splicing pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
• Further research into AS mechanisms and biomarkers will advance CRC diagnosis and treatment.