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Related Concept Videos

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...

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Author Spotlight: Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

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Chromosome Classification and Straightening Based on an Interleaved and Multi-Task Network.

Jiping Zhang, Wenjing Hu, Shuyuan Li

IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics

|February 25, 2021

Summary

This study introduces an automated method for chromosome classification and straightening, improving karyotyping accuracy for detecting chromosomal abnormalities. The new approach achieves high accuracy in chromosome type and polarity classification, aiding clinical diagnosis.

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High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

Published on: June 28, 2012

Area of Science:

Genetics
Computational Biology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Karyotyping is crucial for diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities.
Automating chromosome analysis can expedite clinical diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an automated method for chromosome classification and straightening.
To improve the efficiency and accuracy of karyotyping.

Main Methods:

An interleaved, multi-task deep learning network was designed.
The method involves multi-scale feature learning, joint detection, and classification.
A novel straightening technique reconstructs bent chromosomes using detected joints.

Main Results:

Achieved 98.1% accuracy for chromosome type classification and 99.8% for polarity classification.
Demonstrated consistent intensity and length in straightened chromosomes.
The method effectively classifies and straightens chromosomes from a dataset of 32,810 examples.

Conclusions:

The proposed method significantly enhances chromosome classification and straightening for karyotyping.
This automation facilitates clinical diagnosis by improving karyogram generation and chromosome banding readability.
The high accuracy suggests clinical applicability in genetic diagnostics.