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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Conjugated Copolymers That Shouldn't Be.

Jun Guan1, Zejun Sun2, Ramin Ansari3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cage silsesquioxanes (SQs) in hybrid polymers show unexpected photophysical properties. Copolymers exhibit significant emission red-shifts, indicating unconventional conjugation and potential as organic/inorganic semiconductors.

Keywords:
copolymerizationladder silsesquioxanespolymerssemiconducting materialssilsesquioxanes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Cage silsesquioxanes (SQs) are explored as structural units in hybrid polymers due to their defined structures and properties.
  • Previous research focused on the physical and mechanical benefits of incorporating SQs into polymer backbones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the photophysical properties of copolymers derived from divinyl double decker (DD) SQs and vinyl-ladder (LL) SQs.
  • To identify minimal SQ structures that facilitate extended conjugation and unusual electronic behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of copolymers using divinyl double decker (DD) SQs and vinyl-ladder (LL) SQs.
  • Heck catalyzed co-polymerization with bromo-aromatic compounds.
  • Photophysical characterization including emission spectroscopy.
  • Investigation of charge transfer properties with F4TCNQ dopant.

Main Results:

  • Copolymers from vinylDDvinyl SQs showed significant emission red-shifts compared to model compounds.
  • Oligomers from vinyl-LL-vinyl SQs exhibited even larger red-shifts (30-60 nm) despite lacking a complete cage structure.
  • Evidence of unconventional conjugation and apparent integer charge transfer (ICT) was observed in LL-based copolymers.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals unconventional conjugation pathways in silsesquioxane-based copolymers.
  • The observed red-shifts and ICT suggest potential applications in p-type doped organic/inorganic semiconductors.