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Published on: June 23, 2023
Alcohol and cigarette smoking consumption as genetic proxies for alcohol misuse and nicotine dependence
Sandra Sanchez-Roige1, Nancy J Cox2, Eric O Johnson3
1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Purpose:
To investigate the role of consumption phenotypes as genetic proxies for alcohol misuse and nicotine dependence.
Methods:
We leveraged GWAS data from well-powered studies of consumption, alcohol misuse, and nicotine dependence phenotypes measured in individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank (UKB) and other population-based cohorts (largest total N = 263,954), and performed genetic correlations within a medical-center cohort, BioVU (N = 66,915). For alcohol, we used quantitative measures of consumption and misuse via AUDIT from UKB. For smoking, we used cigarettes per day from UKB and non-UKB cohorts comprising the GSCAN consortium, and nicotine dependence via ICD codes from UKB and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence from non-UKB cohorts.
Results:
In a large phenome-wide association study, we show that smoking consumption and dependence phenotypes show similar strongly negatively associations with a plethora of diseases, whereas alcohol consumption shows patterns of genetic association that diverge from those of alcohol misuse.
Conclusions:
Our study suggests that cigarette smoking consumption, which can be easily measured in the general population, may be good a genetic proxy for nicotine dependence, whereas alcohol consumption is not a direct genetic proxy of alcohol misuse.
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