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The microbiome mediates the interaction between predation and heavy metals.

Shlair A Sadeq1, R I Lloyd Mills1, Andrew P Beckerman1

  • 1Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.

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The gut microbiome significantly influences how aquatic organisms like Daphnia pulex respond to environmental stressors such as copper and predation risk. Manipulating the microbiome altered key life history and body condition traits, highlighting its ecological importance.

Keywords:
Daphnia pulexMicrobiomeMultiple stressorsPredation riskSub-lethal copper

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Gut microbiota are crucial in aquatic food webs.
  • Their role in mediating organism responses to multiple stressors is understudied.
  • Daphnia pulex is a keystone aquatic species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how gut microbiome manipulation affects Daphnia pulex responses to combined copper and predation risk stressors.
  • To understand the interplay between environmental stressors and microbiome composition.
  • To assess the impact of microbiome alterations on life history, morphology, and body condition.

Main Methods:

  • Factorial experiment with Daphnia pulex exposed to copper and predation risk.
  • Manipulation of the gut microbiome using antibiotics.
  • Analysis of life history traits, induced defense, and lipid status.
  • Community composition analysis of the D. pulex microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Predation risk effects on traits were mediated by copper, indicating significant interactions.
  • Each stressor and their combination uniquely altered D. pulex microbiome composition.
  • Antibiotic manipulation of the microbiome reversed 7 out of 12 trait responses.
  • Microbiome community composition strongly correlated with organismal responses to combined stressors.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiome composition is a key factor in how aquatic organisms cope with multiple environmental stressors.
  • Understanding host-microbiome interactions is vital for predicting ecological responses to anthropogenic and natural challenges.
  • The gut microbiome plays a critical role in mediating the effects of environmental change on aquatic populations.