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Overview of host miRNA properties and their association with epigenetics, long non-coding RNAs, and Xeno-infectious

Samaneh Heydarzadeh1, Maryam Ranjbar2, Farokh Karimi3

  • 1Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Cell & Bioscience
|February 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and their variants, like isomiRs, influence biological processes and disease. This review explores miRNA properties, interactions with epigenetics and long non-coding RNAs, and roles in infections for future medical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression involved in numerous biological processes.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA function is linked to the development of various human diseases.
  • Recent research has deepened the understanding of miRNA control mechanisms and their functional implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of key miRNA properties and interactions.
  • To highlight the significance of isomiRs, miRNA arm selection, and arm switching in target selection.
  • To review the complex interplay between miRNAs, epigenetics, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and infectious agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent studies on miRNA biology and function.
  • Analysis of miRNA variants (isomiRs) and their impact on miRNA activity.
  • Examination of miRNA interactions with epigenetic factors, lncRNAs (ceRNA network), and xenobiotic factors.

Main Results:

  • IsomiRs, miRNA arm selection, and arm switching significantly affect miRNA target specificity.
  • Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, intricately regulate miRNA expression and processing.
  • miRNA crosstalk with lncRNAs via the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism and interactions with infectious agents modulate disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding these complex miRNA regulatory mechanisms is vital for deciphering disease complexity.
  • The findings offer potential applications for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies, including personalized medicine.
  • Further research into miRNA involvement can lead to novel interventions for various human diseases and infections.
Keywords:
Arm selectionDNA methylationIsomiRLncRNAMicroRNAXeno-infection

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