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COVID-19 in children ranging from asymptomatic to a multi-system inflammatory disease: A single-center study

Walaa Shahin1, Walaa Rabie1, Osama Alyossof1

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics (Shahin), Faculty of Medicine, from the Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology (Rabie), Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; and from the Department of Pediatrics (Shahin, Alyossof, Alasiri, Alfaki, Mahmoud, Hijazi, El Faraidi, Alahmari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Medical Journal
|February 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This study identified clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in Saudi children, finding correlations between disease severity, hospital stay, and inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 has emerged as a global health crisis, impacting all age groups, including children.
  • Understanding the specific clinical and laboratory manifestations in pediatric populations is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical and laboratory findings of Saudi children diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • To identify factors associated with disease severity and hospital length of stay in pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 88 children (0-14 years) with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between April and June 2020 were analyzed.
  • Clinical data, including demographics and length of hospital stay, were collected.
  • Laboratory parameters, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were assessed.

Main Results:

  • The study included 41 males and 42 females with a mean age of 5.74 ± 4.7 years.
  • Elevated levels of CRP, serum ferritin, and LDH were observed in the pediatric COVID-19 patients.
  • Disease severity and length of hospital stay showed significant negative correlation with lymphopenia and positive correlation with absolute neutrophil count and inflammatory markers.

Conclusions:

  • Characterizing COVID-19 in Saudi children aids in understanding disease presentation and developing management strategies.
  • A high index of suspicion is warranted for multi-system inflammatory disease in children, which was present in 5.7% of cases.
  • Early identification of clinical and laboratory markers can facilitate prompt and appropriate interventions for pediatric COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19MIS-cMultisystem inflammatory diseaseSaudi Arabiachildrenpediatric

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