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Congenital Lung Malformations: Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in India

Krishna Mohan Gulla1, Man Singh Parihar1, Kana Ram Jat1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatrics
|February 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Congenital lung malformations (CLM) are common in Indian children, with lung hypoplasia being most frequent. Early diagnosis and management significantly reduce hospitalizations and improve outcomes for these rare conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Medical Genetics
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Limited data exists on congenital lung malformations (CLM) and their clinical progression in developing nations.
  • This study addresses the data gap by analyzing CLM cases from an Indian tertiary care center.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and clinical course of congenital lung malformations in children within an Indian tertiary care setting.
  • To identify common CLM types, diagnostic delays, and the impact of management on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A 10-year retrospective chart review was conducted.
  • Data from 48 children diagnosed with CLM at a pediatric chest clinic were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Congenital lung hypoplasia/agenesis was the most common CLM (50%), followed by cystic pulmonary airway malformation (19%).
  • Median age at diagnosis was 24 months, with delayed detection and surgical intervention noted.
  • Associated congenital heart disease was present in 27% of cases. Management, including surgery, significantly reduced hospitalization rates.

Conclusions:

  • Lung hypoplasia is the predominant CLM in this population, with poor antenatal detection rates.
  • Delayed diagnosis and surgical intervention are significant challenges.
  • Regular follow-up and appropriate management are crucial for reducing morbidity in children with CLM.
Abstract

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