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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

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Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and implications for breast reconstruction.

Katherine B Santosa1, Jeremie D Oliver2, Adeyiza O Momoh1

  • 1Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Gland Surgery
|February 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

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Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) rates are increasing in the US. This trend is influenced by patient factors, cancer knowledge, genetic testing, imaging, and access to breast reconstruction services.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) rates have shown a consistent rise in the United States.
  • This trend affects various stakeholders, including plastic and reconstructive surgeons.
  • Several interconnected factors are believed to influence this increasing prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in the United States.
  • To summarize existing literature on the rising rates of CPM.
  • To identify future research directions and knowledge dissemination strategies regarding CPM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current data on CPM trends.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to the increasing rates of CPM.
Keywords:
Prophylactic mastectomypatient outcome assessmentpostoperative complications

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  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research needs.

    • Main Results:

    • CPM rates are increasing across the United States.
    • Patient decision-making, cancer knowledge, genetic testing, advanced imaging, sociodemographics, and access to breast reconstruction are key influencing factors.
    • There is a need for further research and improved patient-provider communication.

    Conclusions:

    • The rising trend in contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its drivers.
    • Further research is crucial to inform evidence-based patient care and decision-making.
    • Effective dissemination of knowledge is vital for patients and providers navigating this complex surgical choice.