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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking

Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking

Published on: April 30, 2020

Partitioning switch costs when investigating task switching in relation to media multitasking.

Darryl W Schneider¹, Haerim Chun²

¹Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. dws@purdue.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|February 26, 2021

Summary

This study found no link between media multitasking and task-switching abilities in a large sample. Heavy and light media multitaskers performed similarly on cognitive tasks.

Keywords:

Cue repetition Individual differences Media multitasking Switch cost Task switching

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Media Studies
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Media multitasking, the concurrent use of multiple media, is prevalent.
Previous research on media multitasking and cognitive abilities like task-switching shows mixed results.
Methodological limitations, including small sample sizes and impure switch cost measures, may explain inconsistent findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between media multitasking and task-switching performance.
To address methodological limitations in prior research using a large sample and refined measures.
To clarify the cognitive underpinnings of media multitasking behavior.

Main Methods:

A large-sample study surveyed media multitasking behavior.
Task-switching performance was assessed using a paradigm with two cues per task.
Switch costs were partitioned into task-switching and cue-repetition effects.

Main Results:

No significant relationship was found between media multitasking scores and task-switching effects.
No relationship was observed between media multitasking scores and cue-repetition effects.
Analyses of extreme groups (light vs. heavy media multitaskers) also revealed no differences in task-switching performance.

Conclusions:

The study provides no evidence for a link between media multitasking and task-switching ability.
Methodological rigor in large-sample studies is crucial for accurate cognitive assessments.
Future research should consider these findings when examining media multitasking and cognitive control.