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Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment
Published on: June 2, 2020
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Innate Immunity Communicates Using the Language of Extracellular Microvesicles.
Mariusz Z Ratajczak1,2, Janina Ratajczak3
1Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. mzrata01@louisville.edu.
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
|February 26, 2021
Summary
Extracellular microvesicles (ExMVs) are ancient mediators of cell communication that regulate innate immunity. This review explores how ExMVs influence immune cells and soluble factors, highlighting therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Immunology
- Cell biology
Background:
- Innate immunity and extracellular microvesicles (ExMVs) are evolutionarily ancient.
- ExMVs likely represent an early form of intercellular communication.
- ExMVs play roles in immune responses, coagulation, and inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the regulation of innate immunity by ExMVs.
- To examine ExMV effects on cellular and soluble components of innate immunity.
- To discuss therapeutic applications of ExMVs in innate immunity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on ExMVs and innate immunity.
- Analysis of ExMV interactions with immune cells (macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells).
- Examination of ExMV effects on soluble innate immunity components (complement cascade, PRRs).
Main Results:
- ExMVs directly modulate innate immune cell function.
- ExMVs interact with soluble innate immunity factors.
- ExMVs can indirectly activate the complement cascade via coagulation proteases.
- Exosomes, a subtype of ExMVs, are also discussed.
Conclusions:
- ExMVs are critical regulators of innate immunity, acting through direct and indirect mechanisms.
- Understanding ExMV-innate immunity interactions offers therapeutic avenues.
- Exosomes and other ExMVs are key players in immune system modulation.
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