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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Graves' orbitopathy: a multidisciplinary approach.

Paolo P Limone1, Marco Mellano2, Maria G Ruo Redda2

  • 1Center for Thyroid Diseases, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Turin, Italy - plimone@mauriziano.it.

The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging : Official Publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [And] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [And] Section of the Society Of
|February 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graves' orbitopathy, an eye complication of Graves' disease, requires multidisciplinary care. This review covers diagnostic methods and treatments, including newer immunomodulatory drugs.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Graves' orbitopathy is the primary extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease.
  • It presents a complex clinical challenge requiring collaboration among endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, and surgeons.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic assessment and therapeutic strategies for Graves' orbitopathy.
  • To explore recent advancements in pharmacologic immunomodulation for treating the condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Graves' orbitopathy management.
  • Analysis of medical, radiotherapeutic, and surgical treatment options.
  • Evaluation of emerging immunomodulatory therapies.

Main Results:

  • Graves' orbitopathy necessitates a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach.
  • Established treatments include medical therapy, radiotherapy, and surgery.
  • Pharmacologic immunomodulation represents a promising area for future treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management of Graves' orbitopathy hinges on accurate diagnosis and tailored, multidisciplinary treatment plans.
  • The review highlights the evolving landscape of therapeutic options, emphasizing immunomodulation.