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[Food allergy, key points for clinical practice].

Joaquín A Pimentel-Hayashi1, Blanca E Del Río-Navarro, Omar Josué Saucedo-Ramírez

  • 1Secretaría de Salud, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Departamento de Alergia e Inmunología Pediátrica, Ciudad de México, México. jaapimentelh@gmail.com.

Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993)
|February 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Food allergy is a common immune reaction in children, affecting 8% of the population. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, and tests, with oral food challenges as the gold standard for accurate food allergy diagnosis.

Keywords:
AllergensFood hypersensitivityImmunoglobulin E

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric immunology
  • Allergy and immunology
  • Clinical nutrition

Background:

  • Food allergy is a prevalent immune response, particularly in children and industrialized nations.
  • Affects approximately 8% of the population, with common triggers including milk, eggs, soy, and peanuts.
  • Classified into IgE-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, and mixed types, with varied symptom onset (immediate to 72 hours).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key aspects of food allergy diagnosis and management.
  • To highlight the diagnostic criteria and treatment options for food allergies.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of medical history and physical examination.
  • Utilization of laboratory tests for diagnosis.
  • Gold standard: double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenge.

Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial to prevent unnecessary elimination diets.
  • Food restriction is a primary treatment, requiring consideration of nutritional and psychological impacts.
  • Oral immunotherapy offers an alternative for patients significantly affected by elimination diets.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of food allergies requires precise diagnosis and tailored treatment plans.
  • Balancing dietary restrictions with nutritional needs and quality of life is essential.
  • Oral immunotherapy presents a viable option for improving patient outcomes.