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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

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Cognitive control in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Proactive control adjustments or consistent performance?

Lindsay M Fruehauf1, Joseph E Fair2, Spencer W Liebel3

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, 244 TLRB, Provo, UT 84602, United States.

Psychiatry Research
|February 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not show impaired proactive cognitive control. Performance on tasks measuring proactive and reactive control was similar between OCD patients and healthy controls.

Keywords:
Cognitive controlContext maintenanceObsessive-compulsive disorderProactive controlReactive control

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive control is crucial for goal-directed behavior, often divided into proactive and reactive components.
  • Proactive control involves top-down regulation for performance, while reactive control corrects errors.
  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may involve disruptions in cognitive control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit specific deficits in proactive cognitive control.
  • To differentiate proactive and reactive control functions in OCD using well-established tasks.

Main Methods:

  • 31 individuals with OCD and 30 healthy controls completed the cued-Stroop and AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT).
  • Tasks included delays to facilitate proactive control implementation.
  • Neuropsychological tests and symptom severity questionnaires were administered.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in response times or error rates were found between OCD and control groups on either task.
  • Performance in implementing proactive control strategies was comparable across groups.
  • No group differences emerged on neuropsychological testing.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with OCD do not demonstrate disproportionately altered proactive cognitive control abilities.
  • Findings suggest that proactive control mechanisms are intact in OCD, despite potential group differences in symptom severity and mood.