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The Small x Assumption02:20

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If a reaction has a small equilibrium constant, the equilibrium position favors the reactants. In such reactions, a negligible change in concentration may occur if the initial concentrations of reactants are high and the Kc value is small. In such circumstances, the equilibrium concentration is approximately equal to its initial concentration.  This estimation can be used to simplify the equilibrium calculations by assuming that some equilibrium concentrations are equal to the initial...
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Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
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Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
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Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
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On many occasions, physicists, other scientists, and engineers need to make estimates of a particular quantity. These are sometimes referred to as guesstimates, order-of-magnitude approximations, back-of-the-envelope calculations, or Fermi calculations. The physicist Enrico Fermi was famous for his ability to estimate various kinds of data with surprising precision. Estimating does not mean guessing a number or a formula at random. Instead, estimation means using prior experience and sound...
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The order of magnitude of a number is the power of 10 that most closely approximates it. Thus, the order of magnitude estimates the scale (or size) of its value. To find the order of magnitude of a number, take the base-10 logarithm of the number and round it to the nearest integer. Then the order of magnitude of the number is simply the resulting power of 10.
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A Virtual Simulation Experiment of Mechanics: Material Deformation and Failure Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Scalable Online Learning in Physical Chemistry.

Michael A Nash1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;,

Chimia
|February 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic forced Swiss universities online, presenting challenges for scalable science education. Focusing on online learning

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Sciences Education
  • Higher Education Pedagogy
  • Online Learning Technologies

Background:

  • The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly disrupted global higher education.
  • A second wave of the pandemic led to the cessation of face-to-face teaching at Swiss Universities in late 2020.
  • Natural science faculties faced challenges transitioning large introductory lectures to online formats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify challenges associated with scalable online learning in higher education.
  • To explore methods for mitigating these challenges in remote science instruction.
  • To identify advantages of scalable online instruction for delivering quality chemical sciences education remotely.

Main Methods:

  • The study employed a qualitative approach based on a series of anecdotes and observations.

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  • Analysis focused on educators' experiences with remote instruction during the pandemic.
  • Exploration of methods to address limitations of online learning environments.

    • Main Results:

    • Several challenges inherent in scalable online learning were identified.
    • Methods to mitigate the limitations of remote instruction were explored.
    • Specific advantages of scalable online instruction were recognized.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective remote instruction in chemical sciences is achievable by leveraging the advantages of online learning.
    • Focusing on areas where online platforms offer significant benefits can enhance the quality of remote science education.
    • Adaptation and strategic implementation are key to successful online science pedagogy during disruptions.