Update on human papillomavirus - Part II: complementary diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Dermatology
• Public Health

Background:

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection with significant public health implications.
• Effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are crucial for managing HPV-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of complementary diagnostic methods for HPV.
• To review current and emerging treatment options for HPV infections.
• To discuss the role of vaccination and health education in HPV prevention and control.

Main Methods:

• Nonsystematic literature review.
• Analysis of histopathology, electron microscopy, and molecular diagnostic techniques.
• Review of vaccine efficacy, treatment modalities, and health education strategies.

Main Results:

• Histopathology is a valuable complementary diagnostic tool in dermatology, with specific indications and limitations.
• Molecular methods like serology, identification, and genotyping offer increasing practical applications.
• Vaccines are effective for primary prevention, with established safety profiles and indications.
• Various local and systemic treatment options exist, including off-label use.

Conclusions:

• Integrated approaches combining diagnostics, therapeutics, and prevention are essential for HPV control.
• Advancements in molecular diagnostics and vaccination hold promise for future management.
• Health education is vital to address barriers in primary and secondary HPV prevention.