Generalized equation of state for fluids: From molecular liquids to colloidal dispersions

Luis Perdomo-Hurtado1, Néstor Enrique Valadez-Pérez2, Beatriz Millan-Malo3

  • 1Grupo de Investigación Diseño Mecánico y Desarrollo Industrial, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.

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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
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The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor depends on the temperature of the system; a rise in temperature causes a corresponding rise in the vapor pressure of its liquid. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation gives the quantitative relation between a substance’s vapor pressure (P) and its temperature (T); it predicts the rate at which vapor pressure increases per unit increase in temperature.
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