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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Heart Valves01:16

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

146
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Whole Heart Engineering: Advances and Challenges.

Jacquelynn Morrissey1, Fernanda C P Mesquita1, Camila Hochman-Mendez1

  • 1Regenerative Medicine Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.

Cells, Tissues, Organs
|February 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bioengineering solid organs using decellularized scaffolds and human cells shows promise for regenerative medicine. Key challenges include scaling cell production and developing biomimetic bioreactors for clinical translation.

Keywords:
Bioartificial organDecellularizationExtracellular matrixOrgan engineeringScaffold

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Organ replacement via bioengineering is a critical goal in regenerative medicine.
  • Recellularization of decellularized organ scaffolds with human cells is a leading strategy for creating vascularized organs.
  • Previous work demonstrated the feasibility of rebuilding organs using decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current approaches and advances in whole organ engineering.
  • To highlight the multidisciplinary nature of organ bioengineering, focusing on scaffolds, cell sources, and bioreactors.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions for clinical translation of bioengineered organs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and research in whole organ engineering.
  • Discussion of three key pillars: organ scaffolds, cell sourcing, and bioreactor systems.
  • Analysis of challenges in producing biologically active scaffolds, massive cell quantities, and functional bioreactors.

Main Results:

  • Recellularization of decellularized scaffolds is a promising method for organ bioengineering.
  • Significant advancements have been made in decellularization and recellularization techniques.
  • The integration of basic science and industry is crucial for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • Successful whole organ engineering requires optimized scaffolds, large-scale cell production, and advanced bioreactor technology.
  • Overcoming challenges in vascularization and achieving physiological function are critical for implantable bioengineered organs.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to advance the field toward clinical applications.