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Glymphatic pathways in the gyrencephalic brain.

Nicholas Burdon Bèchet1,2, Nagesh C Shanbhag1,2, Iben Lundgaard1,2

  • 1Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|March 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The glymphatic system, crucial for brain waste clearance, exists in large mammals. This study confirms its presence in pigs, showing enhanced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport in their complex brains.

Keywords:
Glymphatic systemcerebrospinal fluidlight sheet microscopypig modeltissue clearing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The glymphatic system facilitates brain waste removal, clearing neurotoxic peptides like amyloid-beta.
  • Its function is primarily understood from rodent studies, leaving its presence in larger mammals with complex brains unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and function of the glymphatic system in a large mammal with a highly gyrified brain.
  • To determine if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport mechanisms are conserved across species with different brain structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CSF tracer studies in a large mammal model.
  • Employed light sheet microscopy for three-dimensional imaging of perivascular space (PVS) influx.
  • Analyzed macroscopic tracer distribution along brain sulci and fissures.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the presence of the glymphatic system in a large mammal, with CSF penetration via perivascular pathways throughout the cortex and subcortical structures.
  • Demonstrated that brain folds (sulci and fissures) enhance CSF dispersion.
  • Observed a 4-fold greater PVS influx density in pigs compared to mice, indicating an advanced solute transport system.

Conclusions:

  • The glymphatic system is conserved in large mammals with gyrified brains.
  • The complex folding of gyrencephalic brains enhances glymphatic transport efficiency.
  • This advanced system presents potential therapeutic targets for improving brain waste clearance.