Enoxacin Exerts Anti-Tumor Effects Against Prostate Cancer Through Inducing Apoptosis
Hongyan Xu1, Minghuan Mao1, Rui Zhao2
1Second Department of Urology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of 26488China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China.
Background:
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in men. Enoxacin, a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was found with anti-proliferative effects against many cancer types. This study was to further investigate its effects against prostate cancer and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods:
PC-3 cells were treated with Enoxacin at different concentrations. Tumor model was established by subcutaneously injecting PC-3 cells into nude mice. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. ELISA assay, Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL assay were used to detect apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect the gene and protein expression, respectively.
Results:
Our data showed that Enoxacin inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation and induced the apoptosis through up-regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, while down-regulating expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins. Moreover, Enoxacin increased the gene and protein expression of the autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Treating tumor-bearing mice with Enoxacin significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft tumor model.
Conclusion:
Our results suggested that Enoxacin could be developed as a potential anti-tumor agent against prostate carcinoma.
Insights
Enoxacin, an antibiotic, effectively inhibited prostate cancer cell growth and promoted cell death. This study suggests Enoxacin
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men.
- Enoxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibits anti-proliferative properties against various cancers.
- Investigating Enoxacin's efficacy and mechanisms in prostate cancer is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of Enoxacin on prostate cancer.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Enoxacin's action.
- To assess Enoxacin's therapeutic potential in preclinical prostate cancer models.
Main Methods:
- Prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) treated with varying Enoxacin concentrations.
- In vivo tumor xenograft model established in nude mice.
- Assays for cell viability (MTT), apoptosis (ELISA, Annexin V/PI, TUNEL), and gene/protein expression (RT-qPCR, Western blot) were employed.
Main Results:
- Enoxacin significantly inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis.
- Enoxacin modulated pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression.
- Enoxacin upregulated autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo.
Conclusions:
- Enoxacin demonstrates potent anti-prostate cancer activity.
- Enoxacin induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth through molecular pathways.
- Enoxacin holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for prostate cancer.
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