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[Central Nervous System Developmental Regulation of Microglia via Cytokines and Chemokines]

Yukari Shigemoto-Mogami1, Kaoru Sato1

  • 1Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences.

Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
|March 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Microglia, the CNS immune cells, are crucial for brain development. Our research shows they promote neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis via cytokines in the early postnatal brain.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • They play critical roles in CNS development, including phagocytosis, synaptic pruning, and neural stem cell regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological actions of microglia via cytokines and chemokines during early postnatal CNS development.
  • To understand the role of microglia in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and their impact on neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Focused on the early postnatal developmental stage.
  • Analyzed the accumulation and activation of microglia in the SVZ.
  • Investigated the role of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ) released by microglia.
  • Examined microglial regulation of blood-brain barrier (BBB) maturation.

Main Results:

  • Activated microglia accumulate in the early postnatal SVZ.
  • SVZ microglia facilitate neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis through inflammatory cytokines.
  • Microglia regulate the functional maturation of the BBB via specific cytokines and chemokines.

Conclusions:

  • Microglia are physiologically vital for robust brain function, particularly during development.
  • Microglial actions, mediated by cytokines and chemokines, are essential for neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, and BBB maturation.
  • Understanding these microglial functions may reveal new therapeutic targets for incurable CNS diseases.
Keywords:
blood brain barrierchemokinecytokinedevelopmentmicroglia

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