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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Evaluation of Blood Lactate and Plasma Insulin During High-intensity Exercise by Antecubital Vein Catheterization
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EFFECT OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE AND DIET ON BLOOD LACTATE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE.

J Z Berend1, M R Brammeier1, N A Jones1

  • 1Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill N.C., U.S.A.

Biology of Sport
|March 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diet composition significantly impacts female athletes' exercise responses. A high-carbohydrate diet minimizes menstrual cycle phase differences in blood lactate (LA) levels during exercise, unlike a low-carbohydrate diet.

Keywords:
DietExerciseLactateMenstrual cycle

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

  • Previous studies indicate varied blood lactate (LA) responses to exercise in women across menstrual cycle (MC) phases on normal diets.
  • The influence of dietary composition on these MC-related exercise responses remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of carbohydrate intake on blood lactate responses to exercise during different phases of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women.
  • To determine if dietary strategies can attenuate previously observed menstrual cycle phase differences in exercise physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Ten eumenorrheic women underwent a discontinuous exercise protocol (4x6 min intervals at 30-90% V̇O 2max with 6 min rest).
  • Participants completed the protocol under four conditions after 3-day dietary periods: low-carbohydrate (35%) or high-carbohydrate (75%) intake during the mid-follicular or mid-luteal phase.
  • Eucaloric status was maintained, and MC phases were confirmed via hormonal levels.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction effect between MC phase and diet was observed for blood lactate (LA) levels (P<0.05).
  • LA at 70% V̇O 2max was significantly lower in the low-carbohydrate, mid-luteal phase (LCHO-LP) condition (3.7±0.2 mmol·l -1) compared to other conditions (5.0–6.0 mmol·l -1).
  • LA during rest and exercise tended to be lower in the LCHO-LP condition (P<0.06), while high-carbohydrate diets (HCHO) eliminated significant differences between MC phases.

Conclusions:

  • A high-carbohydrate diet effectively negates menstrual cycle phase differences in exercise-induced lactate responses.
  • Menstrual cycle phase variations in lactate response are evident only when consuming a low-carbohydrate diet.
  • Dietary manipulation, specifically high carbohydrate intake, can standardize physiological responses to exercise irrespective of the menstrual cycle phase.