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Smoking and COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Chadia Haddad1,2, Sandrella Bou Malhab3, Hala Sacre4
1Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
Tobacco Use Insights
|March 1, 2021
Summary
Cigarette smoking increases COVID-19 risk and severity by damaging lungs and impairing immune response. Smokers with comorbidities face worse outcomes, warranting further investigation into this association.
Area of Science:
- Respiratory Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Smoking damages organs, particularly lungs, increasing respiratory infection risk.
- The impact of cigarette smoking on COVID-19 vulnerability remains debated, with conflicting study findings.
- Some research suggested a 'smoker's paradox,' but evidence is inconsistent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review epidemiological and in vitro studies on smoking's association with COVID-19 risk and severity.
- To analyze how smoking affects susceptibility and disease progression in COVID-19 patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological studies.
- Analysis of in vitro research on SARS-CoV-2 and cigarette smoke exposure.
- Examination of disease severity and outcomes in smokers with COVID-19.
Main Results:
- Higher smoking prevalence observed in COVID-19 patients.
- Smokers with respiratory diseases show increased risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms.
- In vitro studies indicate smoking exacerbates SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing immune response and promoting cell death.
Conclusions:
- Smokers, especially those with comorbidities, are at higher risk for COVID-19 infection and poorer prognosis.
- Acute smoking exposure in vitro leads to more severe lung disease.
- Further research is needed to fully understand the smoking-COVID-19 interaction and its clinical implications.
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