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Segregation in fresh concrete is a phenomenon where the components of the concrete mix separate, leading to uneven distribution and compromised structural integrity. This separation typically occurs when concrete is subjected to excessive horizontal movement within forms, or when it is dropped from considerable heights or forced through narrow, winding paths. As a result, heavier coarse aggregate particles settle at the bottom, while lighter, finer materials such as cement and water rise to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Analysis and Specification of Starch Granule Size Distributions
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Granular size segregation in silos with and without inserts.

A Cliff1, L A Fullard2, E C P Breard3

  • 1School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu 4410, New Zealand.

Proceedings. Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|March 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Segregation in granular material flow from silos is reduced by a novel insert. This flow-correcting insert mitigates particle size segregation during silo discharge, improving material handling.

Keywords:
discrete element modellinggranular flowinsertssegregationsilo

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Granular material storage in silos is crucial for industry.
  • Particle size differences can lead to segregation in mixtures during silo discharge.
  • Understanding and mitigating segregation is essential for efficient industrial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of particle size differences on segregation during silo discharge.
  • To determine the efficacy of a flow-correcting insert in mitigating segregation.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind segregation and the insert's impact using simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments using a three-dimensional (3D)-printed silo with bidisperse mustard seed mixtures.
  • Discharge analysis with and without a 3D-printed biconical flow-correcting insert.
  • Discrete element method (DEM) simulations complemented by coarse-graining analysis.

Main Results:

  • Without the insert, experiments showed significant particle segregation.
  • The introduction of the biconical insert completely eliminated observed segregation during discharge.
  • DEM simulations corroborated experimental findings, identifying velocity gradients at the free surface as a key driver of segregation.

Conclusions:

  • A flow-correcting insert effectively prevents particle size segregation in silo discharge.
  • Segregation is primarily driven by velocity gradients at the granular free surface.
  • The insert reduces these gradients, thereby mitigating segregation and improving material flow uniformity.