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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Heuristics01:21

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Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that use mental shortcuts to simplify decision-making. Unlike algorithms, which must be followed precisely to achieve a correct result, heuristics offer a general problem-solving framework. They save time and energy but can sometimes lead to less rational decisions.
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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
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Decision-Making in the Human-Machine Interface.

J Benjamin Falandays1, Samuel Spevack2, Philip Pärnamets3,4

  • 1Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Psychology
|March 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human choices are influenced by automated systems, especially in human-machine interfaces. Even subtle machine biases can sway decisions, impacting how we interact with technology in daily life.

Keywords:
decision-makingdrift diffusionembodied cognitioneye trackingmouse tracking

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Cognitive Science
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Human decision-making is increasingly mediated by automated systems and human-machine interfaces (HMIs).
  • Understanding how HMIs influence choices is critical as they become more integrated into daily life.
  • Decisions may emerge from human-machine interactions rather than solely from human cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how automated systems within HMIs influence human decision-making.
  • To explore the impact of motor costs and response timing on choice behavior in human-machine interactions.
  • To analyze the emergent decision-making dynamics between humans and machines.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations using the drift-diffusion model to analyze response-prompt timing and motor cost manipulations.
  • A two-alternative forced-choice experiment using a computer mouse with induced velocity bias.
  • Testing choices with pre-normed equibiased and non-equibiased queries.

Main Results:

  • Drift-diffusion model simulations indicated that response-prompt timing perturbations only influence equibiased choices.
  • Motor cost manipulations in simulations showed influence even on biased choices.
  • Experimental results demonstrated a small but significant influence of mouse velocity bias on participants' final choices, regardless of initial preference bias.

Conclusions:

  • Automated system biases, even subtle ones, can significantly influence human choices in HMIs.
  • The timing of human-machine interaction plays a role in decision-making.
  • This research provides insights into the evolving nature of human decisions within increasingly complex human-machine systems.