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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Microbiome Analyses Demonstrate Specific Communities Within Five Shark Species.

Rachael Storo1,2, Cole Easson1,3, Mahmood Shivji1,4

  • 1Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.

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|March 1, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shark microbiomes are unique to each species and vary by body location, differing from seawater. This research highlights potential human pathogens found on shark teeth, informing bite treatment and future studies.

Keywords:
diversityecologyholobiontmicrobialmicrobiomerRNArichnessshark

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Shark ecology
  • Symbiotic microbial communities

Background:

  • Microbiome profiles offer insights into host natural history and ecology.
  • Understanding shark microbiomes is crucial for marine biology and conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the microbiomes of five South Florida shark species for the first time.
  • To investigate the influence of host species and anatomical location on shark microbiomes.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region.
  • Comparative analysis of microbial communities across five shark species (nurse, lemon, sandbar, Caribbean reef, tiger) and anatomical sites (gills, teeth, skin, cloaca).

Main Results:

  • Shark microbiomes are species-specific and distinct from surrounding seawater.
  • Microbiome diversity and composition varied significantly based on anatomical location within sharks.
  • Teeth microbiomes showed distinct species-specific profiles, with genera like Vibrio and Corynebacterium (potentially pathogenic) being prevalent in certain species.

Conclusions:

  • South Florida sharks harbor unique microbiomes influenced by species and anatomical location.
  • The presence of potential human pathogens in shark teeth microbiomes warrants further investigation for clinical relevance in bite treatment.