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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

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An Optimized High-Throughput Immuno-Plaque Assay for SARS-CoV-2.

Alberto A Amarilla1, Naphak Modhiran1,2, Yin Xiang Setoh1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|March 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new immuno-plaque assay (iPA) offers rapid, sensitive detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2. This method accelerates crucial research for coronavirus disease 2019 by enabling ultra-high-throughput viral titration and neutralization assays.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2coronavirusesimmuno-plaque assay (iPA)viral quantification

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Assay Development

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Rapid, sensitive, and reliable viral detection is critical due to global spread.
  • Existing methodologies may require optimization for speed and throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize an alternative assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection and quantification.
  • To demonstrate the flexibility and high-throughput capabilities of the novel assay.
  • To accelerate SARS-CoV-2 research during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an immuno-plaque assay (iPA) combining plaque assay and immunofluorescence.
  • Optimization of SARS-CoV-2 infection conditions for the iPA.
  • Demonstration of iPA flexibility using multiple antibodies and dual-probing.

Main Results:

  • The iPA is highly flexible, allowing detection with various antibodies and dual-epitope probing.
  • The assay is suitable for ultra-high-throughput viral titration and neutralization assays.
  • iPA is compatible with a 384-well format and can be completed within 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The immuno-plaque assay (iPA) provides a rapid, sensitive, and flexible method for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
  • iPA's high-throughput capability significantly accelerates research on SARS-CoV-2.
  • This assay is a valuable tool for advancing COVID-19 research and diagnostics.