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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Translation01:31

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Long non-coding RNAs: From disease code to drug role.

Yuanyuan Chen1, Zhaojun Li1, Xiaoguang Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
|March 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are vital in disease and now emerging as drug targets. This review covers lncRNA drug development, from preclinical research to clinical trials, offering a new reference for therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
AD, Alzheimer's diseaseANRIL, antisense noncoding RNA gene at the INK4 locusASO, antisense oligonucleotideASncmtRNAASncmtRNA, antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNABCAR4, breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4BDNF-AS, brain-derived neurotrophic factor antisenseCASC9, cancer susceptibility candidate 9CDK, cyclin dependent kinase 1CHRF, cardiac hypertrophy related factorCRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeatsClinical trialsDACH1, dachshund homolog 1DANCR, differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNADKD, diabetic kidney diseaseDPF, diphenyl furanDeliveryEBF3-AS, early B cell factor 3-antisenseENE, element for nuclear expressionErbb4-IR, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4-immunoreactivityFDA, U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationGAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseGAS5, growth arrest specific 5Gene therapyHISLA, HIF-1α-stabilizing long noncoding RNAHOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNAHULC, highly upregulated in liver cancerLIPCAR, long intergenic noncoding RNA predicting cardiac remodelingLNAs, locked nucleic acidsLncRNAsMALAT1, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3MHRT, myosin heavy chain associated RNA transcriptsMM, multiple myelomaNEAT1, nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1NKILA, NF-kappaB interacting lncRNANPs, nanoparticlesNorad, non-coding RNA activated by DNA damageOIP5-AS1, opa-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1PD, Parkinson's diseasePEG, polyethylene glycolPNAs, peptide nucleic acidsPTO, phosphorothioatePVT1, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptideRISC, RNA-induced silencing complexSALRNA1, senescence associated long non-coding RNA 1SNHG1, small nucleolar RNA host gene 1Small moleculesSncmtRNA, sense noncoding mitochondrial RNATHRIL, TNF and HNRNPL related immunoregulatoryTTTY15, testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 15TUG1, taurine-upregulated gene 1TWIST1, twist family BHLH transcription factor 1Targeted drugTncRNA, trophoblast-derived noncoding RNATranslational medicineUCA1, urothelial carcinoma-associated 1UTF1, undifferentiated transcription factor 1XIST, X-inactive specific transcriptlincRNA-p21, long intergenic noncoding RNA p21lncRNAs, long non-coding RNAsmtlncRNA, mitochondrial long noncoding RNApHLIP, pH-low insertion peptidesgRNA, single guide RNAsiRNAs, small interfering RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in key physiological processes like metabolism and immunity.
  • lncRNAs play significant roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological conditions.
  • Dysregulation of lncRNAs offers potential for novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging field of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as pharmacological targets.
  • To explore the transition of lncRNAs from disease indicators to potential drug candidates.
  • To summarize the current status and progress in preclinical and clinical research of lncRNA-based therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on lncRNA research in disease and drug development.
  • Analysis of current strategies for lncRNA modulation and drug discovery.
  • Examination of preclinical data and ongoing clinical trials for lncRNA-targeting drugs.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their roles beyond simple disease coding, showing potential as therapeutic targets.
  • Various strategies for modulating lncRNA function are being developed, utilizing genetic technologies and small-molecule compounds.
  • Preclinical research demonstrates promise, with several lncRNA-targeting drugs progressing into clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a promising frontier for novel drug development across a spectrum of diseases.
  • The review provides an updated reference for researchers and developers in the field of lncRNA-based therapeutics.
  • Further research and clinical investigation are crucial to fully realize the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs.