Ultrastructural evidence of stromal/epithelial interactions in the human endometrial cycle

We found ultrastructural evidence of interactions between glandular epithelium and superficial stromal cells of the human endometrium during phases of the menstrual cycle. Four significant changes were observed in the transition from early proliferative (days 5 to 9) to early secretory (days 15 to 19) phases. These changes included: (1) an increase in the number and size of lamina densa disruptions, (2) an increase in the number and size of gap junctions, (3) an increase in the number and complexity of epithelial cell projections that extended through the lamina densa, and (4) an increase in close contacts between stromal and epithelial cells. The complex epithelial cell projections that extended through the lamina densa were in close proximity to stromal cells. These interactions were seen primarily in the early secretory phase. After that time (days 20 to 28) the interactions were less frequent. These morphologic results reveal complex physical interactions between epithelial and stromal cells of the adult endometrium. The interactions reach maximal development during the preimplantation phase of the endometrial cycle.