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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
Published on: December 11, 2016
Cornerstones of 'fair' drug coverage: appropriate cost sharing and utilization management policies for
Steven D Pearson1, Adrian Towse2, Maria Lowe1
1Institute for Clinical & Economic Review, Boston, MA 02109, USA.
Abstract:
At the heart of all health insurance programs lies ethical tension between maximizing the freedom of patients and clinicians to tailor care for the individual and the need to make healthcare affordable. Nowhere is this tension more fiercely debated than in benefit design and coverage policy for pharmaceuticals. This paper focuses on three areas over which there is the most controversy about how to judge whether drug coverage is appropriate: cost-sharing provisions, clinical eligibility criteria, and economic-step therapy and required switching. In each of these domains we present 'ethical goals for access' followed by a series of 'fair design criteria' that can be used by stakeholders to drive more transparent and accountable drug coverage.
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