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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy
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Gallstones in pregnancy.

Ecf Hess1, R P Thumbadoo2, Ecp Thorne3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire NHS Foundation Trust, Aylesbury, UK.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|March 1, 2021
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Summary

Gallstone disease affects 12% of pregnant women, posing risks like pancreatitis. Management options include safe procedures during pregnancy or conservative approaches followed by postnatal surgery, yet UK lacks specific guidance.

Keywords:
Abdominal painCholecystectomyCholelithiasisGallbladderPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
  • Surgical Sciences

Background:

  • Gallstone disease is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition, affecting up to 15% of the population in developed countries.
  • Pregnancy significantly increases gallstone risk, making it the second most common non-obstetric emergency, impacting up to 12% of pregnant women.
  • Gallstone complications during pregnancy can lead to severe outcomes, including up to 37% maternal mortality from gallstone pancreatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current management strategies for gallstone disease during pregnancy.
  • To highlight the risks and complications associated with gallstones in pregnant individuals.
  • To address the absence of national UK guidelines for managing gallstones in pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gallstone disease in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of risks and benefits of interventions like cholecystectomy and ERCP.
  • Discussion of conservative versus surgical management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Gallstone disease is common in pregnancy, with up to 3% requiring cholecystectomy post-delivery.
  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and cholecystectomy are feasible in the second trimester.
  • Conservative management followed by postnatal surgery is recommended to mitigate recurrence and complications.

Conclusions:

  • Gallstone disease management in pregnancy requires careful consideration of maternal and fetal risks.
  • Timely intervention, either during pregnancy or postnatally, is crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • The lack of specific UK guidance necessitates a standardized approach to this common condition.