Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China
Published on: February 11, 2022
De Winter Pattern Caused by a Large Diagonal Branch Culprit Lesion
Andrea Demarchi1, Laura Frigerio, Roberto Rordorf
1Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland. andrea.demarchi@cardiocentro.org.
Insights
A patient experienced chest pain due to blocked coronary arteries. Successful treatment revealed a specific ECG pattern indicating the blockage was in a diagonal branch, not the main artery.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Electrocardiography
Background:
- Chest pain during physical activity can indicate serious coronary artery disease.
- Left anterior descending and diagonal branches are critical coronary arteries.
- The De Winter electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern is a rare sign of acute coronary syndrome.
Abstract:
A 70-year-old man was referred to the emergency department for an episode of ongoing chest pain during physical activity. Urgent coronary angiogram revealed a 75% stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery and a total occlusion of a large diagonal branch. Both stenoses were treated successfully with percutaneous coronary intervention. After reperfusion, the ECG showed a "De Winter" pattern, which was the ECG expression of a culprit lesion located in a large diagonal branch rather than in the left anterior descending.
Related Concept Videos
Papillary Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
Reticular Dermis
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Vascular Spasm
Veins of Upper Limbs
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Shear Diagram
First, a free-body diagram of the beam is drawn, representing all the external forces and internal reactions acting on the beam. One can calculate the reaction forces at each support by employing the equilibrium equations of force and moment. The vertical component...

