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Updated: Nov 15, 2025
X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
Published on: September 11, 2011
Radioprotection of eye lens using protective material in neuro cone-beam computed tomography: Estimation of dose
Satoru Kawauchi1, Koichi Chida2, Takashi Moritake3
1Department of Radiology, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan.
Purpose:
In cerebral angiography, for diagnosis and interventional neuroradiology, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan is frequently performed for evaluating brain parenchyma, cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction. However, the patient's eye lens is more frequently exposed to excessive doses in these scans than in the previous angiography and interventional neuroradiology (INR) procedures. Hence, radioprotection for the lenses is needed. This study selects the most suitable eye lens protection material for CBCT from among nine materials by evaluating the dose reduction rate and image quality.
Methods:
To determine the dose reduction rate, the lens doses were measured using an anthropomorphic head phantom and a real-time dosimeter. For image quality assessment, the artifact index was calculated based on the pixel value and image noise within various regions of interest in a water phantom.
Results:
The protective materials exhibited dose reduction; however, streak artifacts were observed near the materials. The dose reduction rate and the degree of the artifact varied significantly depending on the protective material. The dose reduction rates were 14.6%, 14.2%, and 26.0% when bismuth shield: normal (bismuth shield in the shape of an eye mask), bismuth shield: separate (two separate bismuth shields), and lead goggles were used, respectively. The "separate" bismuth shield was found to be effective in dose reduction without lowering the image quality.
Conclusion:
We found that bismuth shields and lead goggles are suitable protective devices for the optimal reduction of lens doses.
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