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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

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Salamander loss alters litter decomposition dynamics.

Alexandra E Laking1, Zhimin Li1, Evy Goossens2

  • 1Wildlife Health Ghent, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 1, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disease-driven amphibian declines, like that of fire salamanders, slow forest leaf litter decomposition. This occurs through top-down trophic cascades affecting invertebrates and microbes, impacting ecosystem functioning.

Keywords:
AmphibiansBatrachochytrium salamandrivoransBiodiversity lossLeaf litter decompositionTrophic cascades

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Biodiversity loss, particularly amphibian declines, can disrupt ecosystem functioning.
  • The impact of these declines on forest floor trophic dynamics and decomposition remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effects of fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) presence on forest leaf litter decomposition.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms, including trophic cascades and microbial community shifts, driving these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized paired mesocosms in a Belgian forest setting over 18 months.
  • Assessed the impact of salamander presence on the decomposition rates of maple and oak leaf litter.
  • Analyzed invertebrate community composition and litter microbiome functional composition.

Main Results:

  • Salamander presence reduced oak (Quercus robur) litter decomposition by up to 20%.
  • This reduction was linked to increased predation on detritivores, altering invertebrate community structure.
  • The litter microbiome showed reduced bacteria associated with degradation in oak litter when salamanders were present.

Conclusions:

  • Fire salamanders influence ecosystem functions via trophic cascades.
  • Salamander presence promotes the retention of poorer quality leaf litter, affecting nutrient cycling and forest floor dynamics.