[Cognition in Down's Syndrome: Development across the Life Span and Neuropsychological Assessment in Adults]

Down's syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability. As the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease is increased in Down's syndrome, comprehensive cognitive examination is essential, both in young adults (for baseline evaluation), as well as later for diagnosing dementia. So far, there are only a few recommendations for neuropsychological assessment in Down's syndrome. Here, we review (1) the development of cognition across the life span, (2) various causes of cognitive change in adults with Down's syndrome, and (3) procedures available for their evaluation. Furthermore, (4) we provide recommendations for the assessment and interpretation of diagnostic findings in adults with intellectual disabilities. We conclude with recommendations for cognitive assessment in intellectual disability in general.