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Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

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Published on: October 24, 2018

Room temperature laser power standard using a microfabricated, electrical substitution bolometer.

M Stephens¹, C S Yung¹, N A Tomlin¹

¹Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|March 2, 2021

Summary

A new room temperature electrical substitution radiometer offers precise measurement of continuous-wave laser power across various wavelengths and beam sizes. This advanced standard achieves high accuracy, crucial for metrology applications.

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Area of Science:

Optical Metrology
Radiometry
Materials Science

Background:

Accurate measurement of continuous-wave (CW) laser power is essential for numerous scientific and industrial applications.
Existing standards may have limitations in terms of wavelength range, beam diameter accommodation, or power levels.
Development of a versatile and accurate absolute standard is needed to meet evolving metrological demands.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and characterize a room temperature electrical substitution radiometer (ESR) for use as an absolute standard.
To establish a reliable instrument for measuring CW laser power with high accuracy across a broad spectral range and beam sizes.
To validate the performance of the developed ESR against established primary and legacy standards.

Main Methods:

The instrument utilizes a planar, silicon microfabricated bolometer as its core sensing element.
Vertically aligned carbon nanotube absorbers are integrated for enhanced optical absorption.
Commercial surface mount thermistors and an integrated heater, along with commercial electronics, are employed for precise control and measurement.

Main Results:

The ESR achieves an accuracy of 0.46% (k = 2) for powers between 10 mW and 100 mW, and 0.83% (k = 2) for powers between 1 mW and 10 mW.
The standard accommodates laser beam diameters (1/e²) up to 11 mm and operates across wavelengths from 300 nm to 2 μm.
Performance validation confirmed agreement with a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) primary standard and U.S. Air Force Metrology and Calibration Division (AFMETCAL) legacy standards.

Conclusions:

The developed room temperature ESR serves as a highly accurate absolute standard for CW laser power measurement.
Its wide operational range in wavelength, beam diameter, and power levels makes it a versatile tool for metrology.
The successful validation demonstrates its reliability and suitability for replacing or augmenting existing standards in critical calibration applications.