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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle

Published on: July 8, 2020

Optimism and pasture access in dairy cows.

Andrew Crump¹, Kirsty Jenkins², Emily J Bethell³

¹Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. andrewcrump94@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports

|March 2, 2021

Summary

Dairy cows with pasture access showed less anticipation for rewards, suggesting a more positive emotional state compared to indoor housing. This indicates pasture provides greater psychological benefits for cattle wellbeing.

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Published on: September 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Animal Behaviour
Animal Psychology
Veterinary Science

Background:

Pasture access promotes natural behavior and health in dairy cattle.
Psychological benefits of pasture access for cattle are not well understood.
Cognitive indicators can assess emotional wellbeing in livestock.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare a cognitive indicator of emotion in dairy cattle with and without pasture access.
To investigate the psychological impact of pasture access on dairy cows.
To assess if pasture access influences emotional states through a spatial judgement bias task.

Main Methods:

A crossover experiment was conducted with 29 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.
Cows experienced 18 days of overnight pasture access and 18 days of full-time indoor housing.
A spatial judgement bias task was used to assess emotional wellbeing, measuring latency to approach rewarded and unrewarded locations.

Main Results:

No significant difference in latency to approach intermediate 'probe' buckets between pasture and indoor groups.
Cows with pasture access approached the known rewarded bucket significantly slower than those housed indoors.
Reduced reward anticipation in pasture-accessing cows suggests a more positive emotional state.

Conclusions:

Pasture access may induce more positive emotional states in dairy cattle compared to full-time indoor housing.
Reduced anticipatory behavior towards rewards indicates a less anxious or more content emotional state in pasture-accessing cows.
Cognitive tasks like spatial judgement bias are valuable tools for assessing animal welfare and psychological benefits in livestock management.