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COVID-19-related thyroiditis: A novel disease entity?

Dorota Dworakowska1,2,3, Simon Morley4, Nicola Mulholland5,6

  • 1Departament of Hypertension and Diabetes, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.

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Summary

COVID-19 infection can lead to thyroid issues, including subacute thyroiditis (SAT). Clinicians should monitor for SAT in patients recovering from even mild COVID-19, as it may occur weeks to months post-infection.

Keywords:
COVID-19ThyroiditisThyrotoxicosisViral thyroiditis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred research into its systemic effects, including endocrine complications.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and thyroid dysfunction, specifically subacute thyroiditis (SAT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on COVID-19-associated thyroid complications.
  • To highlight the possibility of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) following COVID-19 infection.
  • To present a case study illustrating this association.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published up to January 2021 focusing on COVID-19 and thyroid function.
  • Analysis of thyroid function tests in patients with severe COVID-19.
  • Inclusion of a clinical case report of COVID-19-related SAT.

Main Results:

  • Most patients with severe COVID-19 exhibit sick euthyroid syndrome.
  • Several case reports indicate a correlation between COVID-19 and subacute thyroiditis (SAT).
  • SAT can occur in the early weeks/months after mild COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • While sick euthyroid syndrome is common in severe COVID-19, subacute thyroiditis is a notable complication.
  • Awareness of SAT is crucial for clinicians managing patients post-COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity.
  • Early recognition and management of thyroid dysfunction are important in the post-COVID-19 era.