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Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens

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Recovery efficiency of two glove-sampling methods.

Amanda K Lyons¹, Laura J Rose¹, Judith Noble-Wang¹

¹Division of Healthcare Quality and Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology

|March 2, 2021

Summary

The sponge-wipe method is superior for sampling Clostridioides difficile spores from gloved hands. For other bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii, both methods showed similar recovery rates.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Infection Control
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Accurate pathogen sampling from gloved hands is crucial for infection control.
Evaluating different sampling techniques is essential to optimize detection rates of healthcare-associated pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of direct agar imprinting versus a sponge-wipe method for recovering specific pathogens from gloved hands.
To determine which method offers superior recovery for Clostridioides difficile spores and common multidrug-resistant organisms.

Main Methods:

Two distinct methods were employed: direct imprint of gloved hands onto agar plates and a sponge-wipe technique followed by elution.
The recovery rates of Clostridioides difficile spores, carbapenemase-producing KPC+ Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii were assessed for each method.

Main Results:

The sponge-wipe method demonstrated significantly higher recovery rates for Clostridioides difficile spores compared to direct imprinting.
No significant difference in pathogen recovery was observed between the two methods for KPC+ Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii at a 10^1 inoculum.

Conclusions:

The sponge-wipe method is recommended for enhanced recovery of Clostridioides difficile spores from contaminated gloved hands.
For certain multidrug-resistant bacteria, direct imprinting and sponge-wiping offer comparable recovery efficiency, suggesting method adaptability based on the target pathogen.