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Three‑dimensional models to study breast cancer (Review).

Maira Huerta-Reyes1, Arturo Aguilar-Rojas2

  • 1Medical Research Unit in Nephrological Diseases, Mexican Institute of Social Security, National Medical Center Century XXI, Specialty Hospital, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.

International Journal of Oncology
|March 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models offer a more accurate representation of breast cancer (BC) tumor microenvironments than traditional 2D models. This review explores common 3D models for BC research, detailing their benefits and drawbacks.

Keywords:
breast cancerthree-dimensional modelspheroids modelsmammosphereorgan-on-a-chip modelshydrogel modelsbio-printing models

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality in women globally.
  • Traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models have limitations in accurately mimicking the complex tumor microenvironment.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models are emerging as superior alternatives for studying tumor physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize common 3D in vitro models for breast cancer research.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of each 3D model.
  • To highlight the potential of 3D models in advancing breast cancer studies.

Main Methods:

  • Spheroid models
  • Organ-on-a-chip models
  • Hydrogel models
  • Bioprinted models

Main Results:

  • 3D models better replicate in vivo tumor characteristics, including cell-extracellular matrix and cell-stromal cell interactions.
  • Each 3D model (spheroids, organ-on-a-chip, hydrogels, bioprinted) offers unique advantages for specific research questions.
  • Limitations vary across models, impacting their suitability for different experimental designs.

Conclusions:

  • 3D in vitro models provide a more physiologically relevant platform for breast cancer research compared to 2D cultures.
  • The selection of an appropriate 3D model depends on the specific research objectives and the aspects of the tumor microenvironment to be studied.
  • Advancements in 3D modeling hold significant promise for improving our understanding and treatment of breast cancer.