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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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What is Gene Expression?01:42

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform
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DIVERSIFY: A Fungal Multispecies Gene Expression Platform.

Zofia D Jarczynska1, Jakob K H Rendsvig1, Nichlas Pagels2

  • 1Eukaryotic Molecular Cell Biology, Section for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|March 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The DIVERSIFY platform enables multispecies heterologous gene expression in fungi, streamlining the identification of optimal cell factories for producing proteins and metabolites. This flexible system enhances biotechnological applications by overcoming host compatibility challenges.

Keywords:
AspergillusCRISPRCas9MAD7cell factoriesgene expression platform

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Area of Science:

  • Fungal biotechnology
  • Synthetic biology
  • Metabolic engineering

Background:

  • Fungal genomes contain numerous genes and gene clusters relevant for biotechnology.
  • Commercializing fungal products is hindered by challenges in predicting host compatibility and limited genetic tools.
  • Standard host organisms are often used for heterologous production, but may not be optimal for all products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible platform for multispecies heterologous gene expression in fungi.
  • To streamline the process of identifying optimal fungal cell factories for product development.
  • To demonstrate the utility of the platform for producing proteins and metabolites.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of a flexible platform, DIVERSIFY, for multispecies heterologous gene expression.
  • Construction of a single gene expression cassette for transformation across multiple DIVERSIFY strains.
  • Application of CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-MAD7 for marker-free gene targeting.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of DIVERSIFY 1.0 for producing three proteins and one metabolite in four Aspergilli species.
  • Identification of the best-producing fungal strain for each tested product.
  • Demonstration of compatibility with marker-free gene targeting using CRISPR nucleases.

Conclusions:

  • The DIVERSIFY platform facilitates efficient identification of optimal fungal hosts for heterologous production.
  • This approach reduces the workload and increases the success rate of producing valuable compounds in fungi.
  • DIVERSIFY 1.0 is a versatile tool compatible with advanced gene editing technologies for fungal strain engineering.