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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Gut microbes and health.

Julia Álvarez1, José Manuel Fernández Real2, Francisco Guarner3

  • 1Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Meco, Madrid, España; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España.

Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia
|March 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The human body hosts a diverse gut microbiota essential for health. Imbalances, or dysbiosis, linked to modern lifestyle, contribute to chronic diseases, highlighting the need to maintain microbial diversity.

Keywords:
AntibioticsAntibióticosChronic non-communicable diseasesDietDietaDisbiosisDysbiosisEnfermedades crónicas no-transmisiblesEubiosisIndustrialisationIndustrializaciónProbioticsProbióticosSimbiosisSymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Human microbiome research
  • Gut health and disease

Background:

  • The human body is a complex ecosystem inhabited by numerous microorganisms, particularly in the intestine (microbiota).
  • The gut microbiota provides essential genes (microbiome) and functions, influencing host physiology, immunity, and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the gut microbiota in human health and disease.
  • To identify factors contributing to microbial dysbiosis and its association with chronic non-communicable diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human microbiota composition and function.
  • Analysis of factors influencing microbial diversity, including vertical transmission, antibiotic use, and diet.

Main Results:

  • Chronic diseases like metabolic syndrome and inflammatory conditions are linked to gut dysbiosis (reduced microbial diversity).
  • Modern lifestyle factors such as altered microbial transmission, antibiotic use, and industrialised diets contribute to dysbiosis.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining and generating gut microbial diversity is a crucial target for promoting health.
  • Restoring a healthy gut microbiome may offer a novel strategy for preventing and managing chronic diseases.